To What Extent is an Eyewitness Testimony Credible and...

Introduction Scholars and practitioners alike share a widespread belief that the single greatest cause of wrongful conviction is because of an eyewitness testimony. April 23, 2007, marked the 200th criminal conviction exonerated by DNA evidence in the United States of America. According to www.innocenceproject.org, over 75% of the 200 criminal cases revealed to be wrongful convictions involved a faulty eyewitness testimony. Collectively, these 200 people spent a total of 2,475 years in prison. With factors such as witness memory, dependability, deception, and the outside influences one may encounter, psychologists and practitioners have begun to dispute whether or not an eyewitness is credible and therefore should be used in a legal court†¦show more content†¦This post-event misinformation becomes integrated into the witness memory of the event, a phenomenon known as the misinformation effect (Loftus, Donders, Hoffman, Schooler, 1989). Judges have been very reluctant recently in allowi ng expert testimonies on memory. There are many reasons for why judges have been so argumentative over the idea. The first is almost all eyewitness memory research is tailored to criminal cases in which the relevance of an expert’s testimony is minimal to the actual case. The second reason is that relatively little eyewitness memory research has examined long-term memory for events, but rather that of the short-term memory. Although there is lack of memory in short term, some experts say that over a longer period of time the brain will remember and recall specific tragic events. Witnesses are more likely to get over a situation and recall more of what happened rather than what they recall when they’re in shock. Because experts do not have much of a necessity in other non-criminal cases, and are focused on long term memory, experts are not widely accepted in the court. Recent case studies have also shown a lack of memory in stressful criminal case activities. Anxiety or stress of a situation is almost always associated with real lifeShow MoreRelatedEssay on Childrens Testimony2644 Words   |  11 Pageswitnesses and the accuracy of their testimony has been widely debated. People are asking themselves if the memories of young children, specifically between the ages of five and ten, can be accurate and in return trusted. So, can children’s memory and testimony be accurate? Prolific amounts of research have been conducted in an attempt to answer this question. Most of the research suggests that unfortunately we can not rely on their accurate recall in testimony. I would have to say I agree with theRead MoreJFK Assassination Essay2393 Words   |  10 Pagesowner, Jack Ruby. Even though previously an attempt had been made to kill Oswald, no further security precautions had been taken to prevent this from happening again. The fact that reporte rs were allowed to be around Oswald as he was escorted out of court was plain irresponsibility on the part of the Dallas police. Public access to Oswald should not have been permitted under any circumstance. Oswald was murdered in front of cameras and video footage of the incident shows that the police didnt makeRead MoreEssay on Jfk Assassanation3209 Words   |  13 Pageshadnt been recorded was one of the reasons why there was so much confusion. Yet the only excuse the Dallas police could come up with was that they couldnt find a tape recorder! The questions that were asked by the officers proved to worthless and what little records were kept are said to be inadequate. However more seriously, the Dallas police were wildly believed to be at fault for Oswalds death and even the world wide doubt over his guilt. Even though previously an attempt had been made to killRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pages................. 23 What is a Statement?............................................................................................................................ 23 What is an Argument?......................................................................................................................... 25 What is the Issue?................................................................................................................................. 28 What is a Proof?.............

Negative Effects of Mining in Palawan - 3497 Words

Thesis Statement: The continuous mining in Palawan will cause degradation of the soil, denuding of the forests and extinction of animal and plant species thus lowering its’ biodiversity. Biological diversity, or biodiversity, encompasses the variety and abundance of plants, animals, and microorganisms as well as the ecosystems and ecological processes to which they belong. (Braatz, 1992) The word came from the Latin â€Å"bios† which means life and â€Å"diversitas† which means variety or differences which therefore means variety of life. (Catibog-Sinha, C., Heaney, L. 2006) Biodiversity plays a large role on what the society is possessing today. Its’ significance can be divided into two main aspects: the economic benefits and the services it gives†¦show more content†¦(http://pnni.wordpress.com) Because of the natural resources endowed upon Palawan and the local and global appreciation it gathered, the Senate Bill No. 1358 was created. This declares Palawan as the â€Å"Ecological Tourism Capital of the Philippines† and thus needs ample â€Å"government support† and â€Å"grant of autonomy† for its ecological projects. The said bill banks on the â€Å"right of the people to a balanced and healthful ecology† and protects Palawan from attacks on its natural resources. (Estropia, E. J., 2012) Palawan does not only have distinct species but it also possesses beautiful sceneries that have gathered titles and are well-known around the globe. One of these is the Tubbataha Reef which covers 33,200 hectares and a home to lots of marine life such as manta rays, sea turtles, sharks, tuna, dolphins, jackfish, coral reefs with 300 coral species and 379 species of fish. It is also the one of the most desirable scuba-diving destination in the Philippines. Another is the Puerto Princesa Subterranean River which was chosen as one of the New Seven Wonders of Nature. However, the biodiversity of Palawan is under very high threat. Conservation International has identified Palawan as a site for threatened amphibians, mammals, birds, reptiles, and freshwater fish,Show MoreRelatedEconomy of the Philippines2796 Words   |  12 Pagesand garments; electronics and automobile parts; and business process outsourcing. Most industries are concentrated in the urban areas around metropolitan Manila. Mining also has great potential in the Philippines, which possesses significant reserves of chromate, nickel, and copper. Significant natural gas finds off the islands of Palawan have added to the countrys substantial geothermal, hydro, and coal energy reserves. Todays Economy The Philippine economy seems comparatively well-equipped toRead MoreSustainable Operations2705 Words   |  11 Pagesenergy and power has always been a challenge for the Philippines. Constant exploration and development of local energy resources has increased the country’s self-sufficiency from 45% in 2001 to 50.8% in 2002 through the Malampaya gas field in Northern Palawan and natural gas fired powered plants. (Brown, de Dios, Valderrama. 2005). Different sources of energy has been identified and grown to increase the country’s selfsufficiency. Sources like oil, natural gas, coal, hydro, and geothermal are all beingRead MorePhilippine History3070 Words   |  13 Pagesparty had no opposition i. 1940 elections 1. all 24 senators, all are nacionalista 2. In the lower house, out of the 84 reps, less than 20 are non-nacionalista 3. All provincial governors are Nacionalista Economic Problems -free trade is still in effect -transition should not end in 1946 but in 1954 Aliens in our Economy -Chinese (70% of our economy) -Japanese -Americans and Spanish Solutions a. Immigration law a. Foreigners are given a quota of 500 (sila lang makakapasok sa Phils) b. RetailRead MorePlastic Bag16617 Words   |  67 Pagesnot include: (1) Waste identified or listed as hazardous waste of a solid, liquid, contained gaseous or semisolid form which may cause or contribute to an increase in mortality or in serious or incapacitating reversible illness, or acute/chronic effect on the health of persons and other organisms; (2) Infectious waste from hospitals such as equipment, instruments, utensils, and fomites of a disposable nature from patients who are suspected to have or have been diagnosed as having communicable

Critical Perspectives on International Business Ethics

Question: Discuss about the Critical Perspectives on International Business Ethics. Answer: Introduction Business ethics refer to an applied form of ethics, which identify the ethical principles and ethical problems. It arises in the business environment. It can be applied to all business conduct aspects and also relevant to the individual conduct and whole organization. On the other hand, phronetic planning research is the phenomena, which is based on contemporary interpretation of planning. However, coltan is a mineral, which is black and tar like mineral (Ayres 2012). The good or bad effect of coltan on human being is discussed in the assignment. Coltan is used in mobile phones, laptops, pagers and computers as it has high electric capacitors. Congo is the possessor of coltan. It is notable that 80% coltan is gained from Congo (Bleischwitz, Dittrich and Pierdicca 2012). During refining the coltan, it transforms into heat resistant powder, which can hold huge electric charge. However, it has bad effects also due to its conflict. After the transformation of coltan, it is sold to big multinational companies to make electronic gadgets (Arimatsu, Louise, and Hemi Mistry 2012). The discussion focuses on the coltan fact of conflict minerals, which includes various factors. The discussion is about the situation of multinational corporations, who use coltan in business in light of new business ethics. It is based on the phronetic inquiry and implies on the informed action, which forms intellectual virtues. Phronesis helps to think about the considered business ethics. The study helps to keep phonetic actions and perspectives. Analytic analysis of conflict of Coltan The discussion analyses analytically the situation of the multinational companies, which are using coltan to make electronic gadgets and also help to understand the business ethics. For the last decades, many people died due to the brutal conflict of coltan. The people of Afghanistan, Zimbabwe, Colombia and Democratic Republic of Congo are mainly affected. It is necessary to know the good and bad effects of using coltan in the electronic devices. However, the multinational companies like Nokia, IBM, Motorola, Alcatel, Compaq, Dell, Sony, Hewlett Packard and Ericsson use coltan in their products in very large amount, which may be harmful for the customers. According to Hark et al. (2012), the conflict may be of various types like geographical conflict, armed conflict, human rights violation and industrial conflict. However, there are exogenous and endogenous efforts to combat the conflict minerals. Priority of particular 80% coltan of the world are used in the mobile phones, game consoles, computer chips and wireless devices that come from Congo. The eastern area of Congo is known as conltan belt (Jennings 2014). From this area, the coltan is achieved more. However, in last decades, conflict of coltan was the cause of many peoples death. Mainly, the people who collect the coltan from the mine, are in risk zone. Coltan is a very powerful mineral that has huge capacity to hold energy and electrons. For this reason, it is very precious material and the cause of war (flyvbjerg.plan.aau.dk 2017). However, the refined coltan is used in the production of electronic goods. During the refining process, many people has died due to conflict. Approximately 5.4 million people died due to the conflict of coltan. According to Bleischwitz, Dittrich and Pierdicca (2012), this incident of death comes in the view of people due to huge use of coltan in electronic gadgets. The poor people, who have to refine the coltan, are the loser as it is very risky. On the other hand, multinational corporations are the gainer as they are gaining money by using coltan in their products. One negative point of mining in DRC is the bad environmental impact (Conflict Minerals | Global Witness | Global Witness". 2017). This impact involves deforestation limitation, contamination of water and degradation of land. The government of Congo unregulated the deforestation in Eastern Congo. However, there is no such regulation for the land degradation. Coltan develops the energy power of electronic devices, which benefits the customers also. Jennings (2014) argued that as coltan holds high energy, long time use of devices that are made of coltan, can harm the users also. Another gainer is the people who are involved in the transport of coltan. People, who supply refined coltan to the multinational organizations, are making lots of money. At the time of war, militaries were also interested in refining coltan. Democratic Republic of Congo is the main place of coltan mining. Ayres (2012) mentioned that it is impossible for the customers to know that the product, they are using, are made of coltan. However, with the coltan, Congo is the source of wolframite and cassiterite also. The people who are involved in the refinng process of coltan, do not know about the other minerals. According to Maystadt, De Luca, Sekeris and Ulimwengu (2014), the dignitaries, war inventor and commanders are also enlisted in the gainer list. The main reason of war was the greed of the powerful people to achieve more profit. Not only the adult people of Congo but also the children participate in the refining process. Matthysen and Andrs Zaragoza Montejano (2013) suggested that consumers should use the electronic devices very carefully to avoid the conflict, which is fatal. Mining of coltan needs large amount of water therefore the location of mining is mainly situated near the water sources, which causes contamination of water. Coltan mining depletes the resources of water and the environment, which exploiting necessary natural elements (Delawala 2012). Planning of the research The multinational companies, which are using coltan in their products, should know the harmful effects of coltan. Conflict of coltan can affect the business of the multinational companies. However, the companies are making very much profit by using coltan and have various advantages in the global market ("In Focus: Congo's Bloody Coltan". 2017). Customers like devices of high speed and this is the main reason of using coltan in mobile phones, laptops and computers. However, the use of coltan can conflict with the business of the multinational organizations. The multinational corporations should maintain the customer loyalty to maintain the business ethics. However, the multinational corporations are deeply involved in the conflict and explosion of coltan in DCR and Congo. Foreign forces and rebels mined coltan and sell it to the multinational companies. However, Carpenter (2012) opined that multinational corporations are not directly guilty for the exploitation rather the companies a re the server engine of the conflict in Congo. By using the coltan in devices, the companies are breaking the ethics of business. The companies should not use such materials for gaining profit. Moreover, taking or giving money to the foreign government for the development and wellbeing of company is unauthentic. The multinational companies should maintain the loyalty of employees to make the management strong. The market of coltan is growing faster as the multinational companies are using this. Coltan of Congo is of high quality and the main source of tantalum in the international market ("In Focus: Congo's Bloody Coltan". 2017). It is necessary to research that the use of coltan in mobile phones, laptops and computers are safe or not and how much safe they are for the consumers. However, Maystadt, De Luca, Sekeris and Ulimwengu (2014) mentioned that it is unethical to use coltan in those devices. Many people died due to burst of mobile phones and laptops. Therefore devices, which are made up of coltan, are not safe. Negative con sequence of mining of minerals like coltan, has the negative surrounding impact. The negative impact involves but is not limited for deforesting, land degradation, water contamination and pollution. Some corporations work globally to combat the conflict of coltan in DRC and the repercussions. However, the developed countries conflict between themselves to obtain coltan ("Conflict Minerals | Global Witness | Global Witness". 2017). Efforts of combat have very much importance at local level, which cannot be exaggerated. Global pressure and intervention help to raise awareness and work to stop the usage of conflict minerals. However, if the local initiatives do not follow the awareness then the global efforts provide insufficient and shorter gain of their goals. Human rights are conflicted due to the exploitation of coltan mining. The rebels force the women and children to work in the mining of coltan ("What We Do | War Child". 2017). They harass the population by torturing, forced evi ction and raping. Desired development of Coltan To develop the situation and mortality, the multinational companies and the powerful administration should avoid the usage of coltan (Hoffman 2017). The multinational corporations should have the responsibilities to maintain the supply chain and operation system with precious and rare material like coltan. The multinational corporations can avoid the use of coltan and find other minerals to use in devices so that the harm can be avoided. In Congo, coltan is mined on daily basis. People in Congo, who are appointed for the mining are facing various health injuries and face death. Due to brutal civil war of Congo raised the demand of coltan. Forum, James (2017) opined that in Congo, use of children in mining is fatal. The children are forced to work in the difficult areas and perform difficult works because of poor financial status ("What We Do | War Child". 2017). The family members forced them to drop study and join with them for money. The powerful foreign authorities supply huge amo unt of money to the local rebels and therefore the accidents happen. The livelihoods of many families depend on the mining of coltan. Usanov et al. (2013) suggested that coltan can be used in good works instead of making electronic devices such as in health and social care. Coltan can be used in making pacemaker and airbag protection material in cars. However, the foreign authorities sell the coltan to the electronic device making companies only to make high power electronic devices. Mining of coltan destroys the environmental properties, which are the main conflict in business ethics. According to Delawala (2012), business ethis has relation with the wellbeing of environment. Mining of coltan pollutes the environment by producing mercury. Mercury can affect the human being and the population. However, the extract of coltan mining does not contaminate soil directly and therefore the effects of coltan on the crops are less. Various nations engaged in conflict to achieve coltan to be the leading nation in the electronic device market. The main reason of the war was not the coltan but the desire of being first nation ("Conflict Minerals | Global Witness | Global Witness". 2017). Rational decision making to reduce risk of coltan use While analysing the rational for use of coltan in business, the rational decision making in business will be decided by the following questions: Where are we heading with the planning and use of Coltan? Who gains and who loses from the production of Coltan? Whether the development is desirable and what needs to be done about it? (Flyvbjerg 2014) On analysis of the conflicts arising with use of Coltan by multinational companies, it is necessary to carry out risk-benefit analysis and save the public from the future adverse effect in place of thinking of short-term profits in business. This is important because maintaining ethics and morality in business is also a part of corporate social responsibility (Weiss 2014). Coltan has been increasingly used in mobile phones and as 80% of Coltan is being produced in Congo, the region is going through a civil war. The conflicts arising from Coltan business is mainly occurring due to increase in corruption and child labour in mining industry. The UN reports states that Rwanda is also making profit by selling Coltan although there is no Coltan mine in Rwanda (Ayres 2014). Due to this quest for money from the selling Coltan, business and large corporation is expanding their business but the ultimate losers are the families and villagers in Coltan mining areas. Over millions of people have died due to the Coltan conflict and families have been massacred. Considering this impact on lives of people, business ethics demands review of power and values to changes the current trend in production and supplies of Coltan. Business ethics is needed for the creation of moral standards and practices in business environment. In case of Coltan production, it has been found that the money generated from the sale of new weapons has further lead to expenditure in weapons which has created a vicious circle of human losses due to Coltan production. Apart from affect on lives of people and families, the mining of Coltan has lead to loss of National Park and wild life. So far the greed for political power and wealth has only lead to increase in Coltan production and no action has been taken to protect the environment and lives of people (Hoffman 2017). The business of Coltan has made Congo a place of conflict, brutality and exploitation. The mishandling of immense revenues generated from exploitation of natural resources has devastated millions of lives. As part of business ethics, it is necessary to evaluate measures that can prevent corruption and conflict due to Coltan mining. Attention of government and NGOs is required to prevent to control coltan trade and business (Bleischwitz, Dittrich and Pierdicca 2012). Business entities have the role in being accountable to protect loss of natural resource and human lives due to its business. Apart from this, strict mining legislation is required by government to regulate mining practices and conditions at Congo (Forum 2017). This approach of business ethics can help to eliminate terror and corruption due to Coltan trade. Conclusion From the above discussion it can be concluded that coltan is harmful for health. It is mainly found in Congo and Africa. coltan business has made conflict with the brutality and exploitation. The immense mishandling revenues generated from the natural resources exploitation. Coltan exploitation is the cause of death of many people. Government has paid attention to save the natural resources. The NGOs also are trying to develop the wellbeing of the people who lives near the coltan mining area. During mining of coltan, mercury is produced. Mercury affects the nervous system and health of the people mainly the children. The children cannot tolerate the harmful toxicity of mining and as a result deaths happen. Different nations are conflicting to achieve the coltan as it is very precious and harmful. The dealers of coltan are the main gainer and the management of multinational companies who are using coltan in their products are also gainer. The mobile phones, computer, laptops and other electronic devices are the main thing, in which coltan is used. Except using coltan in electronic devices, it is better to use the coltan in the health and social care to make the medical devices. The women and children are joining in the work of mining due to poverty, which should be avoided. The foreign dealers and handlers forces and tortures mercilessly the women and children for working in the mining. The conflict should be decreased for the improvement of the life of the local people and natural resources. Bibliography "Conflict Minerals | Global Witness | Global Witness". 2017. Global Witness. https://www.globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/conflict-minerals/?gclid=Cj0KEQjwncO7BRC06snzrdSJyKEBEiQAsUaRjFTEvb0wkdcJ8oHJNeL1Wet_VW8Fx9pMqN_AQzEtpZQaArQj8P8HAQ%20-%20more#more. "In Focus: Congo's Bloody Coltan". 2017. Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3OWj1ZGn4uM. "What We Do | War Child". 2017. Warchild.Org.Uk. https://www.warchild.org.uk/what-we-do. Arimatsu, Louise, and Hemi Mistry.Conflict Minerals: The Search for a Normative Framework. Chatham House, 2012. Ayres, C.J.,. The international trade in conflict minerals: coltan.critical perspectives on international business,8(2), pp.178-193, 2012. Ayres, Christopher J. "The international trade in conflict minerals: coltan."critical perspectives on international business8, no. 2 (2012): 178-193. Bleischwitz, R., Dittrich, M. and Pierdicca, C., Coltan from Central Africa, international trade and implications for any certification.Resources Policy,37(1), pp.19-29, 2012. Carpenter, Louisa.Conflict Minerals in the Congo: Blood Minerals and Africas Under-Reported First World War. Technical Report, 2012. Carpenter, Louisa.Conflict Minerals in the Congo: Blood Minerals and Africas Under-Reported First World War. Technical Report, 2012. Delawala, I.,. What is coltan.ABC News, 2012. Flyvbjerg, Bent. "Phronetic planning research: Theoretical and methodological reflections."Planning Theory Practice5, no. 3 (2004): 283-306. flyvbjerg.plan.aau.dk , 2017. https://flyvbjerg.plan.aau.dk/PhronPlan7.1PUBL.pdf. Forum, James. 2017. "The Resource Curse Revised: Conflict And Coltan In The Congo".Globalpolicy.Org. https://www.globalpolicy.org/the-dark-side-of-natural-resources-st/water-in-conflict/40150.html. Hark, R.R., Remus, J.J., East, L.J., Harmon, R.S., Wise, M.A., Tansi, B.M., Shughrue, K.M., Dunsin, K.S. and Liu, C., Geographical analysis of conflict minerals utilizing laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy.Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy,74, pp.131-136, 2012. Hofmann, Hannes, Martin C. Schleper, and Constantin Blome. "Conflict minerals and supply chain due diligence: an exploratory study of multi-tier supply chains."Journal of Business Ethics(2015): 1-27. Jennings, Marianne M.Business ethics: Case studies and selected readings. Cengage Learning, 2014. Matthysen, Ken, and Andrs Zaragoza Montejano. "Conflict Minerals initiatives in DR Congo: Perceptions of local mining communities."Antwerp: International Peace Information Service, 2013. Maystadt, J.F., De Luca, G., Sekeris, P.G. and Ulimwengu, J.,. Mineral resources and conflicts in DRC: a case of ecological fallacy?.Oxford Economic Papers,66(3), pp.721-749, 2014. Usanov, A., de Ridder, M., Auping, W., Lingemann, S., Espinoza, L.T., Ericsson, M., Farooki, M., Sievers, H. and Liedtke, M.,.Coltan, Congo and Conflict. The Hague Centre for Strategic Studies, 2013. Weiss, Joseph W.Business ethics: A stakeholder and issues management approach. Berrett-Koehler Publishers, 2014.

Matrix and Analysis Worksheet free essay sample

Phoenix Material Multicultural Matrix and Analysis Worksheet Instructions: Part I: Select and identify six groups in the left-hand column. Complete the matrix. Part II: Write a summary. Part III: Format references consistent with APA guidelines. Part I: Matrix| What is the group’s history in the United States? | What is the group’s population in the United States? | What are some attitudes and customs people of this group may practice? | What is something you admire about this group’s people, lifestyle, or society? 1. White Americans| Whites here in the United States are classified as individuals that have origins with the Middle East, Europeans, and North Africa (U. S. Census Bureau, 2001). | A large part of the United States population of 230 million (approximately 78. 1%) is occupied by White Americans. | White Americans tend to sometimes be outspoken. They also value their independence and have strong religious beliefs. White Americans are very cordial with t heir greetings but pretty straightforward with their gestures. One thing that I admire about White Americans (especially those who are in my family) is their healthy lifestyles. In my opinion, they are one of the most health conscious races, and I admire that so much. | 2. African Americans| African Americans arrived in the United States on boats as slaves in the area that is now known as Jamestown, Virginia in the year of 1619. In the year 1808, the international slave trade was ended by Congress. Blacks often referred to themselves as Africans for their first 200 years or so here in the United States. | Approximately 38,929,319 (13. %) of the population here in the United States is that of black people. | Black Americans are known for their outlandish attitudes, but that is not necessarily true. Black people sensitive yet strong, and they have adapted throughout their lives because of the discrimination set against them. | One thing I admire about Black Americans is their overall strength and courage. The black race has endured so much over their lives, but they always find a way to stay strong and faithful no matter what. Also, Black Americans have strong religious beliefs and I admire that the most. 3. Hispanics| The United States citizens who are Spanish-speaking who were somehow brought into the country due to the end results of the Mexican War are considered as being Mexican Americans. Hispanic immigration into the United States is caused because of two reasons: an escape from any political persecution and for economic opportunities (Rodriguez, 1995). | Hispanics are currently the fastest-growing minority group in the United States constituting 16. 3% of the nation’s entire population. There population is 42,687,224. The attitudes and customs of Hispanics have a major presence on music, food, holidays, dance, and arts here in the United States. The Hispanic families in the United States are traditionally close-knit groups, and Spanish speakers are quite formal toward each other when speaking. | Family ties among Hispanics are very strong, and this is what I mostly admire about their race. Hispanic families often come together for different occasions (birthdays, holidays, baptisms, e tc. ) and they teach their children the importance of good manners, and respect for their elders. A good quality to have today. | 4. Pacific Islanders| The United States and Europe claimed political power over the Polynesian Islands which led to the United States overthrowing the individual monarchies of the islands. | Pacific Islanders are known for having the largest amount of people that reports more than one race out of the entire population of the United States. Pacific Islanders account for 0. 4% (540,013 people) according to the 2010 Census (U. S. Census Bureau, 2011). | The attitudes and customs of Pacific Islanders follow traditions that are based on principles from their ancestors that promote living noble and honorable lifestyles. Polynesian cultures include dancing, food, and traditional music. | I admire the fact that Pacific Islanders live very close family oriented and social lifestyles. Both immediate and extended family members work together in their community. | 5. Asians| Chinese Filipinos were the very first Asians that settled here in the United States. In the early 1840’s large numbers of Asian workers immigrated to the United States, but their conditions here in the states didn’t change or improve until post World War II. | The Asian population in the United States is comprised of 14,674,253 people (5. %) of the nation’s entire population. Asian Americans are one of the fastest growing ethnicity groups located in North America. | Asian families and groups are highly organized and structured Asian children are taught at very young ages not to threaten the welfare and integrity of their families. Also, everything is highly structured. | I admire two things about Asian ethnicities : the family/work ethics and their cuisine. Asian philosophies teaches principles of balance, harmony, and peace. Also, I think that Asian cuisine is very delicious. | 6. Native Americans| The histories of Native Americans were first learned in school with Pilgrims that settled in New England. But Native Americans are composed of many distinct ethnic groups and tribes that manage to survive while in political communities. | The percentage of Native Americans here in the United States is 1. 7% (2,932,248 people) Native Americans have many tribes within this population. | The attitudes, customs, and traditions of Native Americans have been a vital source of their survival. Each Native American tribe or group holds its own beliefs, so their culture varies. But Native Americans are indigenous people with unique cultures and backgrounds. | My mother is actually a Choctaw Indian from Louisiana, and I love and admire our culture, traditions, and their overall way of life. Sadly, most of their past have been destroyed, but they always manage to stay strong and stand tall no matter what. | Most| | Part II:Analysis| Summarize what you learned from this activity in a 350-700 word analysis of the advantages of a multicultural society and labor force. Use the following questions to guide your writing:How has U. S. society used each group’s culture to construct the group identity? How has each group been stereotyped? How accurate are these stereotypes? Multicultural societies of several ethnicity groups in America that I mentioned above have had many contributions from the United States. Most ethnicities discussed had to deal with difficulties that was based on discrimination and stereotypes. The society of the United States have used the culture of each group in order to come up with group identities that were solely based on each group’s capabilities. White Americans have been stereotyped as being money hungry and self-involved people who know nothing about other struggles of other cultures. But, having white Americans in my husband’s family, I know that these stereo types are wrong. African Americans have been discriminated against by once being forced into slavery. This fact has indeed been proven in the past. I have noticed in the past that Hispanics have been stereotyped as being illegally placed into the United States. The only stereotypes against Pacific Islanders that I am aware of are many of the Pacific Islander men reporting discrimination against them for â€Å"supposedly† being violent. This stereotype hasn’t been proved. Asians have been stereotyped in the past as being a model minority. Unfortunately, they have also been victims of hate crimes because of other people stereotyping them. One of the main stereotypes for Native Americans is being nature lovers that demands that everyone else respects nature the same. How does the social concept of race relate to each group? What prejudice has each group faced? The social concept of race is important to each group because it helps define who they are. Of course other races could discriminate against each group identified, but that doesn’t stop them from being who they really or, or showing love for their heritage and beliefs. It is pretty difficult to summarize prejudice that each group has faced, but I believe that each group uses everything they have been through (both mentally and physically) in a way that they could possibly learn from it and become a stronger, closer group. Overall, prejudice and stereotypes are the social concepts of each group How do the behavior and thinking patterns of U. S. culture apply to each group, especially regarding class systems and employment? The behavior and thinking patterns of culture in the United States can cause the minority groups that listed above to be discriminated against in class systems or at their jobs. Prejudice and discrimination will probably be the main factors. | Part III:Sources| Format your sources consistent with APA guidelines. Rodriguez, S. (1995). Hispanics in the United States: An Insight into group characteristics. Department of Health and Human Services. United States Census Bureau (2011). â€Å" The White Population: 2000. † Retrieved from http://www. quickfacts. census. gov/qfd/states/00000. htmlUnited States Census Bureau (2011). â€Å"Native Hawaiians and Other Pacific Islanders. † Retrieved from http://www. census. gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-02. pdf |

A Streetcar Named Desire Essays (730 words) - Fiction, Literature

A Streetcar Named Desire A Streetcar Named Desire Tennessee Williams is known for his powerfully written psychological dramas. Most of his works are set in the southern United States and they usually portray neurotic people who are victims of their own passions, frustrations, and loneliness. The play represents the conflict between the sensitive, neurotic Blanche DuBois and the crude, animalistic Stanley Kowalski. Blanche visits the home of her sister, Stella, in New Orleans and that is when Stanley started picking at her, almost testing her. Before she had met Stanley, she told her sister of how their plantation had been lost due to the costs of paying for the funerals of many family members. There was not enough money for her to keep the plantation. While Blanche bathed after her arrival, Stanley came home. Stella had told him what had happened and he immediately insisted that Blanche was swindling them. He hinted that Blanche had sold the plantation in order to buy beautiful furs and jewelry. He went through Blanche's trunk while she bathed, Stella insisted he stop. He was looking for sale papers from the plantation. After Blanche was finished bathing, Stella was outside, so Stanley started questioning Blanche. She insisted that she had nothing to hide from him and let him go through all historical papers from Belle Reve, the plantation. While living with Stella and Stanley, Blanche had met a man named Mitch, who she started dating. She liked him a lot but she hid many things from him. Firstly, she hid secrets of her first lover, her husband Allan Grey. Every time she thought of him, she thought of how he killed himself and she heard the polka which played in the background. She did not want to speak of this to Mitch. After Allan's death, Blanche used to go to the Tarantula Arms hotel where she would have intimacies with strangers. She did it because she felt it would fill her empty heart. She did not want to tell Mitch because she wanted him to respect her. Blanche was very careful to hide her looks too. She felt that she was old looking and tried to avoid bright lights from glaring down on her. She covered a light in Stella's house with a Chinese paper lamp to keep it from being so bright she hid her looks from Mitch, he never saw her in the day. Finally, one day, Stanley tried to find out many of Blanche's secrets and told them to Mitch so he would not fall for her, even though he was considering marrying her. He told Mitch of her intimacies, and told him of when she had a relationship with one of her students. Mitch felt deceived, she lied to him about many things, her age, her past. Stanley taunted Blanche until he attacked her in violent passion. When Blanche tried to tell her sister what Stanley had done to her, she does not know what to think. Blanche retreats into a private dreamworld. She tells Stella and Eunice, a friend, of how she is going to die. She says she will die from eating an unwashed grape. Grapes are a symbol with sexual overtones. Stanley represents the unwashed grape that will kill her. Blanche says that she will die with her hand in the hand of a young ship's doctor and she will be buried at sea. She will be dropped into an ocean as blue as her first lover's eyes. Blue is used in this play as a symbol of sadness. It represents her husband's death. Her husband, to her, was different than other men, he had beautiful blue eyes and she compared him to a seahorse. The male seahorse is different because it id him that gives birth unlike other creatures, as her husband was unlike other men. Stella does not believe her sister after she tells her what Stanley has done, instead, she has her sent to a mental institution. She cries as Blanche is taken away, perhaps she knows she has made a mistake but Stanley soothes her, telling her everything will be back to normal, as he is opening her blouse. Stanley has won, Blanche was gone, things would be like before, he thought. In this play, there were two streetcars mentioned. One was a streetcar named desire which symbolized Blanche's desire to be loved. The other was a streetcar names Cemeteries which symbolized Blanche's fear of death. Both the desire to be loved and the fear of death were quiet apparent in the way Blanche thought. She wished to

The Agony of the Confederate Flag essays

The Agony of the Confederate Flag essays The Confederate Flag has always and will always stand for a dark time in our country. This flag reminds many people of a time when slavery was rampant in our country, and indeed, it is the flag of a country that supported slavery the entire length of its existence. This flag is offensive to people, it carries the connotation of hatred, inequality and severe injustice. This symbol is one of pure hatred, not heritage as some may say or believe. Lets say for a minute that this flag does not stand for hatred (which it clearly does); but rather it stands for heritage (which it clearly does not). Why would anybody want to display a flag of a country that is known for slavery, hatred, bigotry, and getting their behinds whipped rather handily by the opposing country in the only war it was ever apart of? I know it has a lot of historical value; I mean after all it was the symbol of a country that lasted all of what three to five years before they were defeated by the very union they sec eded from. Also, if it is heritage and should be allowed to be flown on government buildings, why then should we not fly the Union Jack of Great Britain, after all they were both our heritage and our history, it seems to make sense that if the confederate flag stands for heritage and history solely; then we should fly the Union Jack with pride after all it represents those same qualities. To me this flag represents the following: hate, bigotry, racism, prejudice, inequality, injustice, white supremacy, and an overall feeling of disgust. Personally I think it should not be flown on government buildings because it offends people, and should not be allowed in public school, because many students have no choice but to attend there and should not be forced to look at a symbol of hate all the time. If the government can rule to take prayer and Bible out of schools, and take the Ten Commandments off the court room walls merely because they offend people (e...

How Influenza A causes Epidemics and Pandemics Essay - 1

How Influenza A causes Epidemics and Pandemics - Essay Example The 1918-1919 influenza pandemic which was the most distressful outbreak of influenza in history and considered as one of the most critical disease pandemics ever experienced came about as a result of H1N1 which is a subtype of influenza A virus (Hays, 2005). During this time the pandemic was known to kill over 25 million people globally (Ricks, 2009; p. 34). This essay will address the antigenic drift and the antigenic shift of the virus and how it has affected people globally. Influenza which is commonly referred to as flu is a contagious disease of mammals and birds which is caused by family orthomyxoviridae and RNA viruses. In human beings the signs and symptoms of the disease range from sore throat, severe headache, coughing, fever to fatigue and weakness (Shors, 2009). In more severe scenarios the influenza leads to pneumonia which can be deadly especially in infants and the elderly (Stanberry, 2008). Whilst at times it might be taken for common cold. There are different types of viruses making it to for the pandemic to be contained easily. Flu viruses regularly vary via a method known as antigenic drift. This is the unsystematic accretion of mutations in the HA and to the least degree NA genes which are detected by the system of immune. It is observable in influenza A viruses (Kurstak, 1990). Just like the normal cases of RNA viruses, mutations in the flu viruses take place often due to the replication machinery of the viruses which lacks a proofreading system. Whenever such variations result into mutations in the sites occupied by the antigens of HA or NA that are responsible for the reduction or inhibition of the bond of neutralizing antibodies, the immune system might be avoided by the viruses (Sompayrac, 2002). This procedure gives an explanation of the incident of serial flu epidemics in the course of winter in climatic zones that have temperate conditions and incident of epidemics of varying relentlessness and age groups affect (Betts, Penn

Aristotelian Universals and Platonic Universals Essay

Aristotelian Universals and Platonic Universals - Essay Example Conflict of Universals: Conflict of universals or problem of universals is quite a long debated issue among the philosophers. The basic point of argument remains the same whether the universals exist or not. There has always been an attempt to ' "account for the phenomenon of similarity or attribute agreement among things." Whether a table made of rock or a stone both are similar or both have attributive agreement, having the common characteristic of hardness. This problem has given birth to two different disciplines in philosophy, namely, Realism and Nominalism. The realists are of opinion that universals exist on account of attributive agreement and Nominnalists opine that universals are non existent because they cannot explain attributive agreement among particulars. Platonic Universals: The idea of Platonic universals sometimes appears to be obscure or fruitless but his theory is one of the major foundations for epistemology and metaphysics. According to Plato, a universal is independent, non temporal and non spatial. A universal is something that cannot be perceived by senses and its knowledge comes through thought. The objects of thought that independently exist, establish the foundation for Platonic universals. ... But this very attribute of greenness is not something tangible and it cannot be experienced through senses. But at the same time Plato also specified that the green color of grass is not the only virtue that distinguishes it from other green colored in the world. Grass is never a leaf of a tree. In addition to its greenness, the grass is grass due to its unique attributes. Thus, by adopting the theory of Platonic universals, an individual can make clear distinction between all particulars in the world. Aristotelian Universals: Plato's disciple Aristotle came up with a very different idea about universals and the theory of Aristotelian universals produces a landmark solution to the problem of universals and conflict between realists and nominalists. According to Aristotle, universals can simply be classified into three categories, Relations, Types and Properties. The great philosopher further stated that universals exist in those places only where they are exemplified or instantiated and they only exist in things, never apart from things. Aristotle clearly stated that a universal is "'identical in each of its instances." So, in simple terms, Aristotle's theory says all green things in this universe are similar as there is a same universal or attribute, i.e greenness. This unique approach of Aristotelian theory removes several puzzles from the theories of universals in the metaphysical context. First, according to Aristotle, universals can be exemplified several times. He repeatedly emphasizes over the conception of "'one and the same universal" that, according to him, can be witnessed in every particulars. Now at this point common perception experiences a problem. It is hard to believe for an

Environmental Injustice Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Environmental Injustice - Research Paper Example Environmental injustice can be termed as the unequal distribution of hazardous substances in the environment and the inequitable implementation of environmental laws. For decades, minority groups in the United States have always grappled with racially-based environmental injustices. Numerous reports and case studies have pointed out that the United States government is biased in its implementation of environmental laws and policies, particularly in connection with the disposal of toxic wastes. This report seeks to examine the relevance of inappropriate dumping of toxic wastes as an environmental injustice in the United States. Who is most affected by the dumping of toxic wastes in the United States? According to Massey, the government deliberately targets colored people in the construction of waste facilities and sanctioning of poisons and pollutants in areas occupied by people-of-color, such as Alabama, Texas, and South Carolina, among others (5). Industries in the United States pro duce high volumes of hazardous wastes, and due to their hazardous nature, these wastes should be disposed in storage and treatment facilities. However, these materials still have the capacity to affect nearby residents, especially in case of explosions, leaks, and accidents brought about by ineffective management policies by the government. As such, Bullard, Mohai, Saha & Wright state that most residents, particularly those with political, legal, economic, and technical power usually oppose the erection of such facilities in their locale (50). Unfortunately, people-of-color do not have such powers thus it is common to find these facilities in the communities occupied by colored people. It is, thus correct to allude that the tendency to construct waste management facilities in areas inhabited by people-of-color is a racial environment injustice. According to Kibert, the government analyses the risk of putting up waste management facilities in an area, by calculating the number of â⠂¬Å"acceptable† deaths that can be caused by exposure (172). It, therefore, begs the question whether it is more acceptable for colored people in the United States to die of exposure, considering that these facilities are mostly constructed in their locale. Effects of dumping toxic wastes near human populations In analyzing the effects that toxic wastes have on people who are exposed to these wastes, it is important to understand that â€Å"toxicity† is determined by the chronic effect that a substance can have on human health. People living in close proximity to facilities designated for the dumping of toxic wastes suffer from numerous health-related problems, occasioned by exposure to these wastes. For such communities, therefore, exposure to toxic substances leads to decline in health, which then translates to high mortality rates in the said populations. This means that there is a large discrepancy between the mortality rates of white American and colored Americans in as far as deaths related to toxic wastes exposure are concerned. One of the most dangerous effects of toxic waste contamination from Trichloroethylene (TCE), which according to Bullard

Managing Change Project of British Airways

Managing Change Project of British Airways This report contains the idea of organizational change. This change is wide and not smaller changes like adding a new person, structural change and management processes, innovation of new products new techniques and merges (cross border or etc). Change is caused to achieve a goal. Background of British Airways: The largest international scheduled airline of UK in British airways it was introduced on 25 August, 1919. Aircraft Transport and Travel limited (ATT) is the forerunner company of British Airways. Aircraft Transport and Travel limited introduced the worlds first daily international, scheduled or service between London and Paris. That flight was operated by a single engine de Havilland DH4A biplane. It took off from Hounslow Health which is near to success or companys current Health row base. This flight took off with single passenger and cargo including newspapers, Devonshire cream and grouse. Changes in British Airways: The top and head management of BA caused a big change in 2005. BA was awarded SKYTRAX and OAG airline of the year 2006 2007. BA gained the Western Europe Award 2007to be the best airline. BA also bagged best Trans Atlantic Airline Award in 2007. The management BA proclaimed changes and established Health row Terminal 5 for the use of BA mainly. The cost of its foundation is 403 billion pound. Queen Elizabeth inaugurated it officially on 14-03-2008. The passengers started to use the facility from 27-03-2008. Problems: Staffs are deprived of car parking facility. Space has become very short. People have to line up for a long for security check works are delayed. Baggage Handling system does not function well. Belts that are used to carry bags are clogged. Levels of British Airways change: British Airways had a revolutionary change. It was planned a dominating strategy. Characteristics: The change in the BA redefined existing parameters. There is a change in organization structure and technology of BA. Objectives of change: Changes are occurred to encourage the individuals to think and crate something new. To make a competitive attitude in them to face the global economic and market environment, these changes are required. The passengers are provided with good services by this change. BA has changed the internal and external culture of the organization. BA has introduced providing continental food to the passengers increased sales. To survive in the market they started new technology and packages. BA wants to recruit individuals who have thorough knowledge of managerial and technological skills that can create a great impact on their personality and character. To increase unit production, individuals are encouraged to be a leader to take responsibility efficiently. The change has been occurred to cause a paradigm shift by creating a dynamic and positive learning atmosphere and changing our corporate culture. The change helps BA to adjust with knowledge based economy. To make the staff Knowledge workers they are provided with basic conceptual training and latest managerial concepts skills. Changes help them to take the challenges of modern business. The purpose of BA training MBA programmed is to develop an individual by applying the training thoroughly. P2. Organizational Structure of British airways The function of British Airways is centralized. The policy and strategy of BA are made by the group of chair man and board directories. They also bring about changes in the organization. Chief Executive Willie Walsh Customer and Operations Executive Julia Simpson Reporting to the Chief Executive Roger Maynard Management Board Silla Maizey Source: www.britishairways.org The above mentioned people are involved in planning strategies and responsible to carry the policies into effect in the organization and begin the new development in aviation industry (new air buses, bringing new ideas, downsizing in a large scale etc) in British airways in this competitive and challenging atmosphere BA is taking internal and external challenges by which it occupied the headlines of Britain Media. Strength of Beauracratic organization at British Airways: The upper level of the management has full control over the firm and hence led to better monitoring procedure. The decision is taken by the wise people of the company. With the better decision of the organization the growth is properly directed. Weakness of Beauracratic organization at British Airways: The primary disadvantage of this organization is that it lacks innovation within the organization as the subordinates are not taking part in the decision making procedure. Due to less involvement in the participation procedure the employment gets de motivated and hence less productive within the system Hr cannot utilize the creativity of the systems employees and hence less improvement in the growth of the employee P3. Alternative forms of Organizational development Mechanistic Organization: The structure of the organization is strong and checked tightly The atmosphere is highly specialized Rigid departmentalization Narrow periods of control High formalization Limited information network Advantages: Mechanistic organizational structures make the complex and tough tasks easy in complex environment. Every employee is trained for a particular task that is why his contribution to the companys output is not huge. The senior level managers are giving importance on developing technical processes to decide the way of performing the tasks. New stone cutters Bridge construction or daily operations at MTR can be mentioned as example. Disadvantages: Being rigid and static Mechanistic Organizational Structure often creates obstruction in the change in environmental situations and slows the advancement, of the company. This structure does not cope with highly competitive markets like telecommunication market segment. Mechanistic structure does not function with the highly skilled professionals workforce. Organic Organization: This structure is highly flexible and changeable Non standardized jobs The structure is based on fluid team The supervision of this structure is direct but little The rules of this structure is minimal and formal This structure has an open communication network Advantages: Organic management structure is suitable at the time when the work environment is very uncertain and unstable there is a lot of swift changing situations in market conditions. It is also suitable to the enabled and empowered workforce to make decisions for solving problems. An example would be professional consulting forms. Disadvantages: Organic structure cannot adjust with the critical situation of Organization. It cannot work in large firm. This structure fails to help the company when an effective implementation strategy is dependent on the ability of managers to have an advice in decision making process. Transferring the structure into Decentralized: From Centralized To Decentralized Form Function driven Purpose driven Closed Open Parts Whole Top down hierarchical Local focus Controlled Empowered Corporate Boundary less Centralized Distributed/ Networked Departmentalized Connected Sameness Diversity Stability Growth/ Change P4. Reason of change at British Airways The chairman and board of direction of the British Airways are trying to downsize in the organization to develop the organization future and reputation and fame against its competitors. Though for the last few decades they had enviable place in the market but in the recent years they occupy 15 percent of the market of high competition with other international airlines. So they should bring about a huge and meaningful change in British Airways the main focus to change variable are followed:- Reduction in cabin crew Internal and External change Financial losses Drop in profit Increased competition Loss of Market Share Technological development Cultural change Factors Forcing change: British Airways are being pressurized over the last few years both internally and externally. So the group of chairman and Board of director have decided to bring some chapters like ® BA commenced a new dimension in lieu of standing still; a new corporate identity was introduced, heralding an E6 billion development program and new strategic direction. Change internal and external culture Cost must be cut down Technology should be changed (new interior design, Wi-Fi, comfortable seats) Increased competition Changing market Inner Factors forcing change: A formal research can identify the internal factors that force to create a change in organization. Strength: To get over the difficulties the Organization requires strength which helps to take position in the co0mpetitve market at the time of changing the focus of the company. Weakness: The technological and cultural change can resolve weakness. If there is a weakness in Companys product service, Company should change it as in automobile industry. The weakness in Organization Motivates to change. Threats: A company generally faces two kinds of threats like threats from competitors and alternative product which compel a company to react. External Forcing change: The external factors that create change in an organization are: Economic: If an economic crisis is created all over the world it will force to cut down the cost of business travel. Fluctuation in oil prices affected consumer spending for 13 years in the age of more acute competition market and BA, for continuing the long term business reduced capacity slightly during zoos on a recession plan. Political: Sufficient security measures must be taken by BAS to attract passengers confidence and trust because of the threats of miscreants in the past. Social: Elder generations have a lot of time to spend on international travel. So a change in cultural stage is necessary for potential opportunity for growth. Environmental/Air quality: The improving air quality and noise impact on local communities around the airport are significant issues (implementation of climate changing bill) Resistance against change: British Airways was obstructed by union, Government department of labour and development, local and Environmental NGO who gave the high pressure. Union was displeased with down rising decision of company. Union called for a strike. Many people are unaware of the importance of change. Often there are disagreeing goals in the company. Costs should be reduced to increase resources and to achieve change. Organizational change often creates an adverse situation in case of how the members want to do anything. So literature discusses most of the organizational change. P5. Evaluation of change management at British airways:- Types of changes: Engineering, design, structure, new aircraft and new technology equipment are the types of issues that are to be changed. Change in Technology: Technological changes are required in the company to improve both attributes of organic and mechanic conditions to acquire creativeness and effectiveness. Two kinds of planning are:- Task planning: The requirement of organization can be met by suitable premises. Layout planning: An organization should consider their workplace, equipment, workflow, staff, process as well as health and safety requirement in regard to competition. Being one of greatest airlines of world British Airways target to be an undisputed leader of travel world and it enjoys their growth from the year 2002. They recorded 8340 million euro beside of a very little 110 million loss. They provide proper environment to ensure their position in the airline industry. They concede 360 aircrafts which travel 270 destinations of 97 countries. In the way to their rises they also experienced lots of obstacle during their growth. Political conflict among countries was the major threats for them. After 9/11 many people turn down their plan for travel in team for lives regularly. Thus the demand for their service decline they face eco nominal crisis. Though it is big concern but cannot put down it. Due to recession in the industry, many of the organization choose for bankruptcy an employee cut off along with downsizing. But British airways choose to cut down expenses cutting down workforce. They cut down almost 73000 jobs averaging 23% between august 2001 March 2004. The industry sells the effects of Iraqi war also in 2003. During crisis, company seeks help of corporate to bring them out of dark. Thus they put the whole matter their late depending upon the leaders decision. Leaders have to pay huge role, to make them out of really threatening crisis. This asks a question mark of how they would treat their followers the way they will follow. Thus finally its the matters of determination of leader who have to contribute to make business organization improve led to the success. P6. BPR model of Change management Companies are using this model for the change management process for coping with the environmental changes Develop business vision process objectives: Through a business vision with particular business objective like cost reduction BPR is driven. It also implies quality output improvement, reduction of time work life quality as well as empowerment learning. Identify processes to be: By using high impact approach most firms focused on the major processes as well conflict with vision of business. Only small number of organization use Exhaustive approaches for identification at all processes of an organization the use them in sequence of redesign urgency. Understand measurement of Existing process: Measurement understanding at existing processes is done by redesigning them. Problem must be understood to avoid repetition. In addition measurement needs accuracy for future development. Identify IT Levels: It involves them improving coordination information network across functional ling units in larger scale. It allows in independence in task management. It can also develop process designing. So, it performs the role of redesign at early stage. Design Build a prototype of the new process:- At the end of the ongoing process the actual design cannot be found. It shows prototype view with gradual expectation management. The important factors to reconcile prototype generation process design by using it as a tool of design. Understanding creating design criteria is important. Through agreement between stakeholder owner the prototypes of process is changed as well as initiative for organizational redesign is taken. Implementation of it is done in pilot basis, will regular examination of problems achievement of objective. Modification is important. It the approach get acceptance from all then it came in to implementation. The current state future of Reengineering:- By the year 1990; many concern adopt for reengineering. Around 30 billion US$ was spent for reengineering of American business firm within 1995 and 1996. It has opened a wide range of results, some of the used get large cost reduction, greater profit throughout benefit. In many cases IT plays the most important role, in redesign of process. With lots of innovative steps of IT application make huge difference in redesigning. P7. Implementation procedure of Change management at British airways: Strategy and Implementation of /technology change: British airways management conducted a research about passengers to fulfill the international standard of facilities in Terminal 5 and reliability of seats and inside atmosphere of aircrafts before starting new aircraft and construction of terminal5. If the new staff is trained success can be attained quickly. Significant environment can be improved by replacing Airbuses. Planning creates controversy in starting new technology policy. The created problem should be identified and purpose must be transparent. Other Plans for implementation Education: the employee must educate properly in order to cope with the organizational changes that has occurred within British Airways to have a proper knowledge about the change management. Chipping in: the employee must take part in the decision making and problem solving procedure at British Airways Stake holders involvement: The stake holders should be provided with proper feedback about the management change that has taken place with British airways. Communication: A transparent communication will led to better implementation procedure and this will facilitate proper negotiation procedure within the organization Recommendation: There are different processes of training programs which adopts new technology and help the company to attain success. People can easily communicate with each other if the structure of the company is divided into several parts. To break the bureaucratic system power must be given away in hierarchy level. To create a change in the organization an experienced consultant can be applied. The company should get more feedback from its employees so that it can be able to understand the problem and take decision to resolve it. Employee should work altogether in team to manage the change. Contingency Plan:- Strong business rational with develop business plan increasing of employee satisfaction is needed. Proper effective involvement of employee plays key role for change. Vision leadership: Proper commitment from leaders guidance from link manager help the change agenda to follow the organization. Empowerment: Employment of maximum eligible employee develops the productivity as well as progress. Charging of working environment involving culture management of people develop performance of business also improve the quality of employees lives Conclusion: In short, I want to explain the way an organization uses to make effective changes in supporting local communities in the countries where British Airways functions effectively. The changes effectively impact on technology and also in increasing the performance of Airline. These changes can bring apart the improvement of new market culture. These changes can be applied to highlight areas where marketing strategy requires reappearing, especially in design range and distribution channels. British Airways supports more than 100 local communities as well as many smaller programmers held both in UK and in other countries.

Essay --

Medical marijuana is an extremely effective medication. Medical cannabis is used to treat patients with a medical problem. Marijuana legalization can help save lives, create jobs, and better our society. In order to purchase medical cannabis, one must have a medical card. In order to get a medical card, one must show valid proof that they have a medical condition. Cannabis shops generally ask for a doctor’s note. The medical shops make people show a valid proof of medical condition because if not anybody would get and abuse marijuana. According to CMCR, medical shops want the money and will approve any patient for a medical card when they don’t even have an illness. There are many medical cannabis dispensaries typically in every location. There is so many competitive cannabis clubs, but they are not located in proper places such as next to a school or close to a church. There are many medical benefits of having a medical card. It treats patients that have Aids/HIV, Cancer, Leukemia, Tumors, Anorexia, and even depression (San Francisco Medical Dispensary). Marijuana is vital because it could help those patients that suffer from illnesses. Some patient’s medications are too strong and make them nauseas, which is the reason why many patients do not like to take prescription pills. Prescription pills can take many hours for the patient to feel effect of pill. This is why some patient’s would prefer too smoke medical cannabis and have the cannabis kick in instantly for their pain. The medical marijuana has certain tetra hydro cannabinol levels, which patients could choose depending on how much pain they are in. Tetra hydro cannabinol (THC) determines how strong the cannabis is. There are also body highs and head highs. A head high is a... ...n Elders, MD "The evidence is overwhelming that marijuana can relieve certain types of pain, nausea, vomiting and other symptoms caused by such illnesses as multiple sclerosis, cancer and AIDS -- or by the harsh drugs sometimes used to treat them. And it can do so with remarkable safety. Indeed, marijuana is less toxic than many of the drugs that physicians prescribe every day."(Editorial, Providence Journal) Medicinal Marijuana is one the most overlooked medicinal herbs in the world. Marijuana has been found to reverse the growth of brain tumors and initiate the stop and destruction of brain cancer cells. This herb can also help boost ones appetite, for example people who have trouble eating such as cancer and AIDS patients. Scientist had found that in the 1970’s Glaucoma patients who used Marijuana found relief of pressure behind the eyes, thus soothing the pain.

The art of dirty deeds

English Coursework Robert Hoarsely Another cupboard smashed onto the heavy oak table as the maelstrom of debris continued to swirl, fuelled by the vicious wind from the broken windows. There was a resounding crack as a chair was hurled at the table. â€Å"You left me to rot, you are no son of mine,† wailed the lady of the house. He couldn't see her, she was invisible, but he knew all too well she was there as he cowered under the table. The rain continued to pound down, its staccato beat all too loud through the broken windows.Lightning flashed as he made a break for the door that was banging against the wall in the mind. An Inhuman shriek came from behind him. He raced through the door as the table he had been taking refuge hurtled after him into the doorway in a shower of plaster and splinters. The main hallway he was now in was dominated by a huge glittering chandelier. He paused for a moment to catch his breath as he heard his mother howling in rage. With a groan the chand elier above him ripped away from the ceiling.It fell onto him with a crash, landing In an explosion of glittering glass like a frenzied rave of fireflies. He had barely enough time to think as It knocked him cold. As he flitted in and out of consciousness he remembered how he came to be in that current predicament. Don't go daddy,† said his daughter. â€Å"We want you to be here for Christmas daddy,† whined his son. â€Å"Of course I'll be back for Christmas; I'm Just off for a week to get granny's old stuff from her house in the Yorkshire Dales. It'll only be a week you know that and Ill tell you what, Ill bring extra Christmas presents. â€Å"Do be careful Mr. Jerome,† said the nursemaid as she ushered the children onto the pavement. â€Å"l will,† Mr. Jerome said as the children chorused goodbyes , he climbed into the carriage and with a flick of the driver's reins the arraign picked up speed down the misty London street. He vaguely remembered the trai n Journey as the inky blackness swept past, punctuated by lights of villages. He Intended to collect family heirlooms and other valuables to distribute to his family back In London. The dark looming mass of the house had dwarfed him as he had stepped off the carriage.Its Imposing bulk seemed to swallow all living things through its gloomy shaded windows and solid looking front door. It was big enough to take a week to go through all the rooms to get what he needed, then sort them. Lang resounded throughout his head as the huge chandelier was savagely picked up and hurled Into the solid wooden front doors. Then there was a deafening silence In the house. The rain continued to beat down outside and the wind ripped at the garden but the house was silent once more.Rubbing his head, he climbed the grand staircase, still wary of the ghost of his mother. He made his way to the study where there were three traveling trunks, two of which were full of the valuables and the other was to be fil led with Important documents. There was the distinctive tang of smoke but his thoughts were on other things. The door handle felt unusually warm as he opened leaping flames that had already consumed his traveling trunks and was taking hold of the rest of the room in a fiery, swirling inferno.Coughing from the swirling smoke he stumbled into the hallway. It was spreading rapidly, too fast to be any normal fire. His mother, he thought, she was burning down the house, the house he had been brought up in, the house she had lived in for over 60 years. As he watched, smoke streamed out of other rooms in tendrils and the smell of smoke was overpowering. He was trapped; he was going to be burned alive, scorched and screaming in this twisted, sick house.

Word Choice Amount vs. Number - Proofeds Writing Tips Blog

Word Choice Amount vs. Number Word Choice: Amount vs. Number It can be tempting to think that the subtleties of word choice don’t a major difference to your work. But whether you’re writing an academic paper, a business report or even a novel, picking the right words for the right situation can make your writing stand out from the crowd. Getting words confused or mixed up, on the other hand, can detract from an otherwise great piece of work. Take the words amount and number, for instance. Both are terms used to deal with quantities, so many people use them interchangeably. But they do in fact have importantly distinct meanings, so using the wrong one makes it harder for the reader to follow exactly what you mean. Worry not, though! Here at Proofed we are dedicated to helping people express themselves fully and clearly, so we’ve prepared this little guide on how to use amount and number correctly. Amount (Uncountable Quantities) Typically, when used as a noun, the word amount refers to the sum or whole of a quantity which would be difficult or impossible to count, for example: There is a large amount of sand in the desert. It can also be used as a verb, meaning to total or equal: After the financial crash, losses amounted to four billion dollars. Number (Countable Quantities) The word number, of course, can refer to figure (e.g., 1, 2, 3). In this context, though, we’re interested in its use as an expression of quantity: The number of people at the party was enough to cause a problem. The key is that â€Å"number† refers to a specific, countable quantity. This is made clearer if we think about how â€Å"number† can also be used as a verb: After reading the note, David knew his days were numbered Here â€Å"numbered† indicates a limited quantity of days which could be counted. Amount or Number? One way of working out which word to use is to ask yourself whether the quantity described could be counted. For instance, the phrase â€Å"a large number of sand† wouldn’t make sense because â€Å"sand† is an uncountable noun. So if you’re referring to an unspecified but countable quantity of something, such as pebbles or people on a beach, use â€Å"number.† But if you’re referring to something you can’t count, such as happiness or water, the word you need is â€Å"amount.† You can find more advice on vocabulary in the word choice archive section of our academic blog. And don’t forget that Proofed’s expert proofreaders are available to provide guidance on word choice, grammar, spelling and formatting for everything from resumes to PhD dissertations. Why not upload a free 500-word sample today and see if Proofed can help put the finishing touches on your written work?

Setting the Scene for Great Writing

Setting the Scene for Great Writing The setting is the place and time in which the action of a narrative takes place. Its also called the scene or creating a sense of place. In a work of creative nonfiction, evoking a sense of place is an important persuasive technique: A storyteller persuades by creating scenes, little dramas that occur in a definite time and place, in which real people interact in a way that furthers the aims of the overall story, says Philip Gerard in Creative Nonfiction: Researching and Crafting Stories of Real Life (1996). Examples of Narrative Setting The first den was a rock cavity in a lichen-covered sandstone outcrop near the top of a slope, a couple of hundred yards from a road in Hawley. It was on posted property of the Scrub Oak Hunting Club dry hardwood forest underlain by laurel and patches of snow in the northern Pocono woods. Up in the sky was Buck Alt. Not long ago, he was a dairy farmer, and now he was working for the Keystone State, with directional antennae on his wing struts angled in the direction of bears. John McPhee, Under the Snow in Table of Contents (1985)We hunted old bottles in the dump, bottles caked with dirt and filth, half buried, full of cobwebs, and we washed them out at the horse trough by the elevator, putting in a handful of shot along with the water to knock the dirt loose; and when we had shaken them until our arms were tired, we hauled them off in somebodys coaster wagon and turned them in at Bill Andersons pool hall, where the smell of lemon pop was so sweet on the dark pool-hall air that I am sometimes awakened by it in the night, even yet.Smashed wheels of wagons and buggies, tangles of rusty barbed wire, the collapsed perambulator that the French wife of one of the towns doctors had once pushed proudly up the planked sidewalks and along the ditchbank paths. A welter of foul-smelling feathers and coyote-scattered carrion which was all that remained of somebodys dream of a chicken ranch. The chickens had all got some mysterious pip at the same time, and died as one, and the dream lay out there with the rest of the towns history to rustle to the empty sky on the border of the hills. Wallace Stegner, The Town Dump in Wolf Willow: A History, a Story, and a Memory of the Last Plains Frontier (1962) This is the nature of that country. There are hills, rounded, blunt, burned, squeezed up out of chaos, chrome and vermilion painted, aspiring to the snowline. Between the hills lie high level-looking plains full of intolerable sun glare, or narrow valleys drowned in a blue haze. The hill surface is streaked with ash drift and black, unweathered lava flows. After rains water accumulates in the hollows of small closed valleys, and, evaporating, leaves hard dry levels of pure desertness that get the local name of dry lakes. Where the mountains are steep and the rains heavy, the pool is never quite dry, but dark and bitter, rimmed about with the efflorescence of alkaline deposits. A thin crust of it lies along the marsh over the vegetating area, which has neither beauty nor freshness. In the broad wastes open to the wind the sand drifts in hummocks about the stubby shrubs, and between them the soil shows saline traces. Mary Austin, The Land of Little Rain (1903) Observations on Setting the Scene Grounding the reader: Nonfiction has done a much better job in terms of setting the scene, I think. ...Think of all the splendid nature writing, and adventure writing from Thoreau to  Muir to Dillard  ... where we have fine settings of scenes. Setting the scene precisely and well is too often overlooked in memoir. Im not sure exactly why. But we the readers want to be grounded. We want to know where we are. What kind of world were in. Not only that, but it is so often the case in nonfiction that the scene itself is a kind of character. Take the Kansas of Truman Capotes  In Cold Blood, for example. Capote takes pains right at the beginning of his book to set the scene of his multiple murders on the plains and wheat fields of the Midwest. Richard Goodman, The Soul of Creative Writing  2008)Creating a world: The setting of a piece of writing, whether fiction or nonfiction, poetry or prose, is never some realistic snapshot of a place. ... If you were to describe with the utmo st accuracy every structure in a city ... and then went on to describe every stitch of clothing, every piece of furniture, every custom, every meal, every parade, you would still not have captured anything essential about life. ... As a young reader, place gripped you. You wandered with Huck, Jim, and Mark Twain down an imagined Mississippi through an imagined America. You sat in a dreamy, leafy wood with a sleepy Alice, as shocked as she when the White Rabbit bustled by with no time to spare. ... You traveled intensely, blissfully, and vicariously because a writer took you somewhere. Eric Maisel, Creating an International World: Using Place in Your Nonfiction in Now Write! Nonfiction: Memoir, Journalism and Creative Nonfiction Exercises, ed. by Sherry Ellis (2009) Shop talk: A thing I never know when Im telling a story is how much scenery to bung in. Ive asked one or two scriveners of my acquaintance, and their views differ. A fellow I met at a cocktail party in Bloomsbury said that he was all for describing kitchen sinks and frowsy bedrooms and squalor generally, but for the beauties of Nature, no. Whereas, Freddie Oaker, of the Drones, who does tales of pure love for the weeklies under the pen-name of Alicia Seymour, once told me that he reckoned that flowery meadows in springtime alone were worth at least a hundred quid a year to him. Personally, Ive always rather barred long descriptions of the terrain, so I will be on the brief side. P.G. Wodehouse, Thank You, Jeeves (1934)

Bilingualism in Hong Kong schools Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Bilingualism in Hong Kong schools - Essay Example In all bilingual communities providing children with appropriate language instruction is a very important issue for governments, educators, schools and finally language learners themselves. Due to contradictory results of studies concerning the association between bilingualism and cognitive functioning, it is very important to develop bilingual skills that will contribute to cognitive performance and, thus, will help students to achieve academic success. In Hong Kong, where being bilingual or trilingual has always been a competitive advantage, it is especially important to raise language skills of individuals and, thus, enable them to meet the needs and challenges of the society. Educational policies play a crucial role in developing additive bilingualism, which allows students to develop proficiency in a second language and maintain a high level of a native language at the same time. Thus, the government together with the Standing Committee on Language Education and Research (SCOLAR ) has adopted several education policies reforms aimed to raise language skills in the community of Hong Kong. The term bilingualism has been defined in several different ways by researchers and theoreticians (Cummins & Swain, 1986). While some authors classified different kinds of bilingualism according to the age at which second language (L2) was learned (early versus late, simultaneous versus sequential), others considered such factors as the contexts of language learning (artificial versus natural, compound versus coordinate) and the domains of its use. Later studies confirmed these findings and showed that bilingual children had relatively low literacy skills (children of Finnish migrants in Sweden), arithmetic competences (English-speaking children educated in Irish-medium schools), vocabulary levels (low class Spanish-English children) and general verbal and academic skills (English-Japanese bilinguals in the United States) when compared with unilingual children.

Low frequency of human papillomavirus DNA in breast cancer by Research Paper

Low frequency of human papillomavirus DNA in breast cancer by Mendizabal-Ruiz et al 2009 - Research Paper Example All the samples were taken from patients who have no prior history of breast cancers. This means those who had a family history of breast cancer were intentionally excluded from the group sampling in order to isolate the probable cause of the breast cancer to the presence of the HPV only. Out of the 107 samples taken from the pathology department, 67 of them are diagnosed to have breast cancer present while the remaining 40 samples were non-malignant. The purported rationale for this study was to investigate the possible connection that HPV has to certain types of breast cancers, since HPV is already well known to be a causative agent of most cervical uterine cancers. Since some breast cancers were found to have the HPV variants present in some of these cases, it was worth investigating if there is more to presence of the HPV's DNA in these breast cancer cases to link the two together. The HPV has several variants and types 16, 18 and 33 are quite common among certain populations. Th e authors of this study used the polymerase chain reaction method to try to detect the DNA of these HPVs. The aims of their study were to detect a presence of this DNA in breast cancer tissue samples and establish a possible role or link of this virus in the genesis of breast cancer.

Type II diabetes in Adults Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Type II diabetes in Adults - Research Paper Example process of the disease, the pancreases makes extra insulin to make up for it but as time progresses it can no longer keep up and lacks the ability of making enough insulin of sustaining the glucose levels to their normal levels. The liver, fat and muscle cells lack their ability to respond correctly to insulin, and the blood sugars do not get into the cells where they are stored for energy. Thus, this results in a high level of sugars building up in the blood a condition that is referred to as hyperglycemia. When greater glucose levels build up in the blood, the body lacks its ability to function properly. This can result in damage to nerves and small vessels in the kidneys, eyes and heart resulting in atherosclerosis, heart attacks or even stroke. Dehydration is also bound to result as high levels of sugars build up results in increased urination, and the person may also suffer from a diabetic coma (Guidelines & Force, 2005). The symptoms of type II diabetes build up slowly, and an individual may be suffering from the condition for years without their knowledge. Common symptoms include increased urination and thirst as the excess buildup of sugars in the body causes fluids to be pulled out of the body tissues. The person also suffers from increased hunger due to the inability of insulin to help in the moving of sugar in the cells and body muscles thus the person become depleted of energy. Weight loss is another symptom though individuals have a tendency of eating more than usual in an effort of relieving hunger (Alberti et al., 2007). Due to the body’s inability of metabolizing glucose, it utilizes other sources of energy stored in fat and muscles resulting in weight loss. The person also suffers from fatigue due to the depletion of sugars in the body, therefore; the body becomes irritable and tired. When the sugars levels are too high, the fluid is pulled from the eye lenses resulting in blurred vision. Other symptoms include slow healing and reduce body

Alternative minimum taxable income Essay Example for Free

Alternative minimum taxable income Essay In 1969, Congress had noticed that 155 people with high incomes were legally using so many deductions and other tax breaks that they were virtually paying nothing in federal income taxes. This angered many tax paying citizens and embarrassed the government. In an effort to fix the system Congress came up with the alternative minimum tax. At the time the tax only affected the high income class but not so today. The alternative minimum tax was never adjusted for inflation and now affects more and more middle income taxpayers. Now a day the AMT affects people with an income over $75,000 and some large deductions. Most vulnerable are taxpayers with several children, interest deductions due to second mortgage, capital gains, and incentive stock options. The question I know you may be having is if you will be subject to the alternative minimum tax. A simple way to see if you are subject to paying AMT or how close you are to paying it. We can look at your Form 6251 from last year. We can compare the tentative minimum tax to your regular tax. Your change in income can leave you with an AMT liability. It could be because of a big item on your tax return or a lot of small items that would make you pay AMT. One of the best ways to understand the alternative minimum tax it to look at it as a separate tax system. This system has its own set of tax rates and its own rules for deductions. Let me explain how the AMT works. The AMT is reduced by an exemption amount to arrive at net alternative minimum taxable income. This income is then multiplied by 26% or 28% alternative minimum tax rate. If your income was to exceed $175,000 it will be subject the 28%. The first alternative minimum tax income of $175,000 will be subject to 26% tax rate. These rates are for individual returns. Corporations figure their tax under the regular system, which taxes corporate profits at a top rate of 35 percent. Then they figure it under the AMT system, which tosses out some deductions allowed under the regular system, and taxes the resulting profit at 20 percent. The corporation then pays whichever tax is higher. This amount then can be reduced by the alternative minimum tax foreign tax credit for the taxable year. For the last few years Congress has approved of temporary patches to increase the amount of income exempt from the AMT. Many AMT adjustments apply to businesses operated by individuals or corporations. The adjustments tend to have the effect of deferring certain deductions or recognizing income sooner. Depreciation deductions must be computed using the straight line method and longer lives than may be used for regular tax. (See MACRS) Deductions for certain preferences are limited. These include deductions related to circulation costs, mining costs, research and experimentation costs, intangible drilling costs, and certain amortization. Certain income must be recognized earlier like long term contracts and installment sales. Corporations are also subject to an adjustment (up or down) for adjusted current earnings. In addition, a partner or shareholders share of AMT income and adjustments flow through to the partner or shareholder from the partnership or S corporation. There is a light at the end of the tunnel. A corporation does get an exemption amount, which means that they can deduct $40,000. Furthermore, small corporations with average annual gross receipts less than $7,500,000 for the prior three years are exempt from AMT, but only so long as they continue to meet this test. â€Å"The tentative minimum tax of a corporation shall be zero for any taxable year if the corporation’s average annual gross receipts for all 3 taxable year periods ending before do not exceed $7,500,000.† (26 USC  § 55) If such taxable year is the first taxable year that such corporation is in existence, the tentative minimum tax of such corporation for such year shall be zero. Other than this Congress did a good job of making this tax difficult to avoid. The alternative minimum tax is a powerful and complicated tax system that is not easily avoidable. It was specifically made to not be avoided and to make up for the loopholes in the system. Given the company’s revenues exceeding $12,000,000 you can expect some form of alternative minimum tax. The best bet is to minimize the effect it has on you be being prepared. That means tax planning is essential in reducing or even avoiding AMT liability. I recommend we sit down and go thru all the different sections of AMT and look where we can maximize your deductions or how we can prepare you for future deductions.

American Newspaper Comics :: Newspapers Comic Strips Cartoons Art Essays

American Newspaper Comics 1. Definition and Defining Elements of Newspaper Comics 1.1. Definition According to Wikipedia encyclopaedia, â€Å"[†¦] a comic strip is a short strip or sequence of drawings, telling a story. Drawn by a cartoonist, they are published on a recurring basis (usually daily or weekly) in newspapers or on the Internet. They usually communicate to the reader via speech balloons. The term ‘comic’ derives from the fact that most strips were funny in the beginning. For this reason they are often also referred to as ‘funnies’.†. Comics, however, need not be humorous by necessity. While many comics remain focused on humour, others involve politics, human interest, murder and suspense, or adventure. Another word for comic is ‘sequential art’ , which I regard as the most appropriate term describing the genre, because it refers to comics as an art form on the one hand and gives you an idea of the nature and appearance of comics on the other. This takes me to the structure and appearance of newspaper comics. 1.2. Structure and Appearance Most comics consist of more than one panel, which is a box or a frame that contains a given scene, but as the following strip shows, sequence can also be expressed in only one panel. Here, one can imagine what happened before this scene, by just seeing one panel. Almost all comics also contain some text, which appears in balloons or headlines. While most daily newspaper comics are published six days a week in black and white, those on Sunday tend to be in colour.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   1.2. The Characters In fact, the characters are the most important ingredients of a successful feature, because everything else is exchangeable. There are often lots of artists who work on one strip and if any of them discontinues, there are others to replace him or her. Artists may even switch syndicates without anyone noticing, but Peanuts, for example, would not be the same without Charlie Brown or Snoopy. The characters become your friends, because you identify with them. The typical loser who never manages to sit next to the little red-haired girl during the break might sympathize with Charlie Brown and the person being bullied at his or her workplace is very likely to feel affection for Dilbert. According to Julie Davies, â€Å"[†¦] comic strips can only be effective if readers see their own lives reflected in the daily funnies.† The Funnies are also something steady, something you can rely on, because, once adapted, they are not likely to change.

Six Sigma :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  First off I am pleased that you, Books-R-Us, is going to adapt to the Six Sigma process. Not only will things run smoother, the product better, but the end customer will also be happier. I am going to plan out the course for you below; if you need any additional help here is the master black belt who you will want to contact:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Now assuming that everyone has already read Six Sigma for Everyone by George Eckes, I’m not going to go into defining all of the technical terms; he does a fine job of doing that in his book. Business Case: We are going to revamp out assembly line project to run both effectively and efficiently. The assembly line is the core of the business, and if it isn’t running both effectively and efficiently, we are loosing money. Problem Statement: We have made no steps to improve our line, even though we have the demand for our books. We only have one employee, who by the way can’t keep up with the demand. We need to get to the point to where for every 1,000,000 books are sold madam customer only rejects 3 or 4. Now this would be easy to do if we were only putting out 5-6 books a day, but we also need to put out a great number of books. Project Scope: Bottom line, like I have sated over and over, is improving our effectiveness and still maintain a level of being efficient. Easier said than done, right? Wrong, if we focus on where the bottlenecks are in the line, and focus on the areas that are causing the books to be rejected (I.E. the folding process) we can improve our system dramatically. We are not going to worry about the bottom line and net profit. That isn’t your job as assembly line workers; we will leave that up to the group of executives for Books R Us. We realize that in the beginning we may be loosing money because this is going to take time to turn things around. We only want to worry about the assembly line, that’s it. Goals and Objectives: Right now at the current step of the process (with one employee), we are making 4 books per shift, but we are also having 4 books rejected. We are loosing money, obviously. We have the demand for our books, if we put our 1,000 books and madam customer rejected 0, we would sell 1,000 books.